Nursing School: Exam

🩺 Nursing School BD Self Test

Model Test - 01: Research Methodology & Sampling

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⏱️ Time: 20 Minutes 🎯 Total Marks: 40 📝 BCQ: 30 Marks ⚖️ True/False: 10 Marks

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🎯 Total Marks: 40

⏱️ 20:00

Best Choice Questions (BCQ)

Total Questions: 30 • Total Marks: 30 (1 Mark per correct answer)

1. What is the best definition of a sample in research? A. The entire population under investigation B. A method of data collection C. A subset of the population selected for a study D. A statistical analysis technique

2. What is the main purpose of sampling in research? A. To study a manageable group representing the population B. To eliminate all research errors C. To avoid statistical analysis D. To guarantee significant results

3. Which of the following is a probability sampling technique? A. Convenience sampling B. Purposive sampling C. Snowball sampling D. Simple random sampling

4. Which sampling technique involves selecting every fifth patient from a patient list after a random starting point? A. Cluster sampling B. Systematic random sampling C. Purposive sampling D. Quota sampling

5. Which sampling technique divides the population into subgroups and randomly selects participants from each subgroup? A. Convenience sampling B. Snowball sampling C. Stratified random sampling D. Consecutive sampling

6. Which sampling method involves randomly selecting entire groups, such as villages or schools? A. Cluster sampling B. Purposive sampling C. Quota sampling D. Convenience sampling

7. Which of the following is a non-probability sampling technique? A. Simple random sampling B. Stratified random sampling C. Systematic random sampling D. Convenience sampling

8. A researcher selects patients who are easily available in a hospital ward. Which sampling technique is used? A. Cluster sampling B. Convenience sampling C. Stratified sampling D. Simple random sampling

9. Which sampling technique is most appropriate for recruiting members of a hard-to-reach population through referrals from existing participants? A. Systematic sampling B. Cluster sampling C. Snowball sampling D. Simple random sampling

10. Which sampling method selects participants based on their specific knowledge or experience? A. Purposive sampling B. Simple random sampling C. Systematic sampling D. Cluster sampling

11. What is the main purpose of sample size estimation? A. To eliminate the need for sampling B. To guarantee acceptance of the hypothesis C. To avoid collecting demographic data D. To determine the number of participants needed for adequate study precision or statistical power

12. Which factor generally increases the required sample size in a prevalence study? A. Higher acceptable margin of error B. Smaller acceptable margin of error C. Lower confidence level D. Smaller population variability

13. Which confidence level is commonly used in health research for sample size estimation? A. 50% B. 70% C. 95% D. 60%

14. What is the approximate Z-value for a two-sided 95% confidence level? A. 1.96 B. 1.28 C. 2.58 D. 1.00

15. In estimating sample size for a population proportion, what value of p is commonly used when no prior prevalence estimate is available? A. 0.10 B. 0.20 C. 0.90 D. 0.50

16. What is statistical power in research? A. The probability that the null hypothesis is true B. The probability of detecting a specified true effect C. The percentage of participants who withdraw D. The number of variables included in a study

17. Which of the following is commonly used as the minimum target statistical power in sample size planning? A. 20% B. 40% C. 80% D. 50%

18. What is sampling bias? A. A systematic error caused by a sample that does not adequately represent the target population B. A random error occurring during laboratory testing C. A method of increasing sample size D. A technique for improving questionnaire reliability

19. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection? A. Reviewing published research articles B. Using previously collected census data C. Extracting data from an existing national database D. Conducting interviews directly with participants

20. Which data collection method is most suitable for exploring patients' personal experiences in depth? A. Laboratory measurement B. In-depth interview C. Structured numerical checklist D. Physiological monitoring

21. Which instrument is most appropriate for collecting standardized responses from a large group of participants? A. Unstructured observation B. Informal conversation C. Structured questionnaire D. Personal diary without predefined questions

22. Which of the following is an example of observational data collection? A. Recording nurses' hand hygiene practices using a checklist B. Asking nurses to recall their previous activities C. Reviewing a published textbook D. Analyzing national census reports

23. What is the primary purpose of a pilot study before the main data collection? A. To replace the main research B. To establish final conclusions C. To guarantee statistical significance D. To test the feasibility and clarity of study procedures and instruments

24. What does validity of a research instrument mean? A. The ability to produce identical results under all circumstances B. The extent to which it measures what it is intended to measure C. The number of questions included D. The cost of developing the instrument

25. Which type of validity assesses whether an instrument adequately covers all relevant aspects of the concept being measured? A. Predictive validity B. Concurrent validity C. Content validity D. External validity

26. Which type of validity examines whether a tool measures the theoretical concept it is intended to measure? A. Construct validity B. Face validity C. Ecological validity D. Statistical conclusion validity

27. Which type of validity evaluates how well a measurement agrees with an established criterion measured at approximately the same time? A. Content validity B. Face validity C. Construct validity D. Concurrent validity

28. What does reliability of a research instrument refer to? A. The ability to measure the intended concept accurately B. The consistency of measurement results under specified conditions C. The ethical acceptability of the study D. The generalizability of findings

29. Which method is used to assess the stability of a measurement instrument over time? A. Content validity assessment B. Factor analysis C. Test-retest reliability D. Random sampling

30. Which statistical coefficient is commonly used to assess the internal consistency reliability of a multi-item questionnaire? A. Cronbach's alpha B. Pearson's chi-square C. Odds ratio D. Relative risk

True / False (MTF)

Total Statements: 50 (10 Questions) • Total Marks: 10 (0.20 Mark per correct statement)

31. The characteristics of probability sampling include:

A. Every population member has a known, non-zero probability of selection

True False

B. Convenience sampling is a probability sampling method

True False

C. Random selection is used

True False

D. Purposive selection is compulsory

True False

E. It can support statistical generalization when properly conducted

True False

32. The examples of non-probability sampling techniques are:

A. Simple random sampling

True False

B. Convenience sampling

True False

C. Stratified random sampling

True False

D. Purposive sampling

True False

E. Snowball sampling

True False

33. The factors influencing sample size estimation include:

A. Expected effect size

True False

B. Researcher's favorite sampling method only

True False

C. Desired statistical power

True False

D. Number of pages in the questionnaire only

True False

E. Significance level

True False

34. The correct statements regarding simple random sampling are:

A. Participants are selected based on convenience

True False

B. Every population member has an equal chance of selection

True False

C. It always requires dividing the population into clusters

True False

D. A random number generator can be used

True False

E. It is a probability sampling technique

True False

35. The correct statements regarding stratified random sampling are:

A. The population is divided into defined strata

True False

B. Participants are selected only by convenience

True False

C. Random sampling is performed within strata

True False

D. It always requires selecting entire villages

True False

E. It can improve representation of important population subgroups

True False

36. The correct statements regarding data collection methods are:

A. Interviews can collect qualitative data

True False

B. Questionnaires can collect quantitative data

True False

C. Observation is never used in nursing research

True False

D. Physiological measurements can provide objective data

True False

E. Secondary data must always be collected directly from participants

True False

37. The correct statements regarding validity of research instruments are:

A. Validity refers only to consistency over time

True False

B. Content validity evaluates coverage of relevant aspects of a concept

True False

C. Reliability automatically guarantees validity

True False

D. Construct validity evaluates measurement of a theoretical concept

True False

E. Criterion validity examines agreement with an appropriate external criterion

True False

38. The correct statements regarding reliability are:

A. Test-retest reliability assesses stability over time

True False

B. Reliability guarantees that an instrument measures the intended concept

True False

C. Inter-rater reliability assesses agreement between observers

True False

D. Reliability is unrelated to measurement consistency

True False

E. Cronbach's alpha is commonly used to assess internal consistency

True False

39. The correct statements regarding sample size estimation are:

A. A smaller margin of error generally requires a smaller sample

True False

B. Higher statistical power generally requires a larger sample

True False

C. A 95% two-sided confidence level corresponds to a Z-value of approximately 1.96

True False

D. Expected participant dropout may require increasing the initial sample size

True False

E. Sample size is independent of the research design

True False

40. The correct statements regarding data collection quality are:

A. Standardized procedures can reduce measurement error

True False

B. A pilot study guarantees completely error-free data

True False

C. Training data collectors can improve consistency

True False

D. Missing data never affect research findings

True False

E. Clear operational definitions can improve measurement consistency

True False

📊 Exam Summary

Result & Evaluation

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True / False Score 0 / 10

Total Marks Gained 0 / 40

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Model Test - 01: Research Methodology & Sampling

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